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It is a very rich and highly diverse in forest habitats area, very important for some of the rarest mammals of Europe such as the bear and otter. It is also the only locality in Europe for the rare asiatic species Veronica bornmuelleri. It is worthy to say that Aoos river is the southest limit of presence of Pachychilon pictus. Thus, it is considered rare for our country and for the European Union, while it is a common species with big populations in the neighbouring countries (Albania, FYROM). Concerning the fauna the quality of the site is indicated by the occurence of the invertebrates Kirinia climene, Pseudiochazara cingovskii, Pseudochazara graeca coutsisi, Thecla betulae, Agrodiaetus damon which are refered to Heath J. 1981. Threatened Rhopalocera (butterflies) of Europe. Council of Europe, the invertebrates Apatura iris, Pseudochazara graeca coutsisi which are contained to the Presidential Decree 67/1981. The site is important for breeding raptors, alpine and forest species. Species of concern include Neophron percnopterus, Circaetus gallicus, Aquila chrysaetos and Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax.Concerning the wild growning plants the quality of the site is indicated by the occurrence of other important taxa. Among them, some taxa are greek endemics (between them 2 serpentine endemics and 5 local endemics), one taxon is protected by the Bern International Convention, some taxa (Aethionema saxatile ssp. oreophilum, Alyssum smolikanum, Barbarea sicula, Centaurea pawlowskii, Crepis baldaccii, Festuca koritnicensis, Narthecium scardicum, Pedicularis olympica, Scorzonera doriae, Sempervivum marmoreum, Silene schwarzenberger, Soldanella pindicola, Verbascum adenanthum, Veronica argute - serrata) are included in the WCMC and/or European Red Data list, other taxa (Acer heldreichii, Aquilegia vulgaris, Campanula hawkinsiana, Coeloglossum viride, Dactylorhiza cordigera, Dactylorhiza sambucina, Dianthus viscidus, Digitalis ferruginea ssp. ferruginea, Digitalis laevigata, Digitalis viridiflora, Gentiana asclepiadea, Gentiana cruciata, Gentiana lutea, Gentiana verna ssp. balcanica, Gymnadenia frivaldii, Helictotrichon aetolicum, Jovibarba heuffelii, Lactuca intricata, Lilium carniolicum ssp. albanicum, Lilium chalcedonicum, Lilium martagon, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Orchis pallens, Orobanche rechingeri, Poa thessala, Scabiosa taygetea ssp. portae, Viola tricolor ssp. macedonica) are protected by the Greek Presidental Decree (67/1981), some taxa (Allium schoenoprasum, Epilobium palustre, Gnaphalium roeseri ssp. pichleri, Halacsya sendtneri, Haplophyllum boissieranum, Pedicularis petiolaris, Potentilla aurea ssp. chrysocraspeda, Potentilla geoides ssp. geoides, Scorzonera austriaca, Senecio doronicum, Stachys recta ssp. subcrenata, Trifolium badium, Trollius europaeus) are rare in Greece and/or reach their extreme distribution limits in Northern Greece, some taxa (Abies borisii-regis, Achillea chrysocoma, Allium meteoricum, Amelanchier cretica, Anthemis arvensis ssp. cyllenea, Arenaria conferta ssp. serpentini, Aubrieta scardica, Aurinia corymbosa, Ballota hispanica ssp. macedonica, Bornmuellera baldaccii ssp. baldaccii, Campanula spatulata ssp. spatulata, Campanula tymphaea, Carum graecum ssp. serpentinicum, Carum rupestre, Cerastium banaticum ssp. speciosum, Cerastium decalvans, Cirsium appendiculatum, Crepis viscidula ssp. geracioides, Crocus veluchensis, Dianthus cruentus, Dianthus deltoides ssp. degenii, Dianthus haematocalyx ssp. pindicola, Dianthus integer ssp. minutiflorus, Euphorbia glabriflora, Festuca peristerea, Fumana bonapartei, Galium anisophyllon ssp. plebeium, Galium breviramosum, Galium oreophilum, Gentianella bulgarica, Geranium aristatum, Helleborus cyclophyllus, Herniaria parnassica ssp. parnassica, Hieracium cymosum ssp. heldeichianum, Hieracium waldsteinii, Hypericum rumeliacum ssp. apollinis, Lactuca visianii, Laserpitium siler ssp. laeve, Linum flavum ssp. albanicum, Linum hologynum, Malcolmia orsiniana ssp. angulifolia, Minuartia baldaccii, Myosotis alpestris ssp. suaveolens, Onobrychis montana ssp. scardica, Orlaya daucorlaya, Paronychia albanica ssp. albanica, Pedicularis graeca, Pinguicula balcanica ssp. balcanica, Pinus heldreichii, Plantago media ssp. pindica, Saxifraga rotundifolia ssp. taygetea, Scorzonera purpurea ssp. rosea, Scrophularia laciniata, Sideritis raeseri ssp. raeseri, Silene asterias, Silene caesia, Silene fabarioides, Silene parnassica, Stachys recta ssp. baldaccii, Stachys scardica, Thesium parnassi, Thlaspi microphyllum, Thlaspi tymphaeum, Thymus boissieri, Thymus stojanovii, Thymus teucrioides ssp. alpinus, Trifolium pignantii, Trinia glauca ssp. pindica, Trisetum flavescens ssp. tenue, Valantia aprica, Viola albanica, Viola dukadjinica) are Balkan endemics and other taxa (Campanula foliosa, Campanula trichocalycina, Gnaphalium hoppeanum ssp. magellense, Linum punctatum ssp. pycnophyllum, Senecio scopolii, Silene roemeri, Stachys balcanica, Thymus thracicus) find their main distribution area in the Balkan Peninsula extending also to Turkey or Italy. |
