Στοιχεία Τόπου
Επίπεδα τόπων:
Χαρτογραφικό υπόβαθρο:
Γενικά Στοιχεία
| Όνομα | LIMNI IOANNINON | ||||||
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| Κατηγορία Τόπου | Βιότοπος NATURA | ||||||
| Κωδικός Τόπου | GR2130005 | ||||||
| Κύριος Χαρακτήρας |
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| Διοικητική Υποδιαίρεση | Νομός Ιωαννίνων | ||||||
| Δήμος-Κοινότητα | |||||||
| Συνολική Έκταση (ha) | 2690.13 | ||||||
| Χερσαία Έκταση (ha) | 2690.13 | ||||||
| Συνολική Περίμετρος (km) | 25.3 | ||||||
| Μέγιστο Υψόμετρο (m) | 679.0 | ||||||
| Ελάχιστο Υψόμετρο (m) | 469.0 | ||||||
| Ένταξη στο Υπάρχον Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο |
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Χαρακτηριστικά
Αξίες
| Οικολογική Αξία |
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|---|---|
| Κοινωνικοοικονομική/πολιτιστική Αξία |
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| Αισθητική Αξία |
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| Σχόλιο για τις αξίες | The Lake of Ioannina is an integral part of life of Ioannina town. Every economic, social, cultural and other activity, as well as the history of the town, are connected with the lake. Some families of fishermen used to live exclusively from fishing, which covers the greater part of the demand for fish in the area. The lake constitutes a very important ecosystem and its riparian vegetation zone. The site is important for wintering ducks, passage waterbirds and breeding species associated with reedbeds. Species of concern include Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Aythya nyroca and Falco naumanni. The water mass beneficially influences the continental climate of the Ioannina prefecture and, by retaining heat, increases the mean temperatures of the area. Furthermore, the lake contributes to tourist activities development and is ideal place for leisure, for the organization of rowing races, etc. Two interesting species (listed with motivation D in section 3.3) grow in the area; Leucojum aestivum known from few localities in which administative measures of nature conservation must be taken, and Spirodela polyrhiza, species apparently not common in Greece. Some reptiles of Annex II of Dir. 92/43/EEC are protected by both the Bern Convention and Greek legislation.There are also taxa (other than birds) evaluated as Other Important Species according to the motivation system of section 3.3. The taxa of this rich fauna belong to all the vertebrate groups except birds. Μammals, marked with motivation A, are threatened animals and mentioned in the Greek Red Data Book. Namely, the bat Plecotus auritus, a usually montane species, is considered "Endangered" and the water shrew Neomys anomalus are classified as "Insufficiently Known". Some of the taxa are included in the Bern Convention and therefore receive motivation C. Furthermore, some of the taxa are eligible for the D motivation since they are protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981. (The taxa Typhlops vermicularis, Martes foina are not included). Moreover, the frog Hyla arborea, the colubrid snake Natrix tessellata and the bat Plecotus auritus, justify motivation D since they have been evaluated by the CORINE-Biotopes Project, while the bat taxon is also included in the UNEP list.A diverse avifauna also lives in the lake mainly within the dense reed beds and few riparian wood stands. Many migratoty species are present within this avifauna e.g. herons, bitterns, storks, dabbling ducks, pochards, etc. The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation C are protected by the Bern Convention.The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation D are protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981. |
Κίνδυνοι
| Απειλές/διαταραχές |
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| Σχόλιο για τις απειλές-διαταραχές | |
| Τρωτότητα | The present condition of the lake is anything but satisfactory. It daily intakes a great part of the sewage from Ioannina town, large quantities of pesticides and fertilizers from the surrounding cultivated areas, as well as other pollutants from various human activities in the Ioannina basin. In parallel, its natural cutting off from the Kalamas river after the construction of the dam in Perama village, has very much reduced the normal renewal of the water, and consequently the degree of pollution and the eutrophication of the lake is alarming. Threats include agricultural intentification and expansion, reedbeds and wet grassland drainage around the lake.The increase in population of Ioannina town and the surrounding communities has unfavourably affected the condition of the lake. The amount of sewage and household waste discharged into the lake is too large compared to the mass of its water. Sewage from the General Hospital and the clinics of the town is also emptied into the lake. Other very serious pollutants are the pesticides and fertilizers draining into the lake from the cultivated region. About 66,000 square metres of the Ioannina basin are cultivated, mainly with garden products, cereals, Medicago, tobacco and corn. The fertilizers enter the lake either transported by rainfall through the surface streams, or through underground water after being leached through the soil profile. Other sources of pollution are the pig farms, dairy farms, poultry farms and marble quarries, which are scattered within the basin as well as the uncontrolled disposal of their waste. Transferred marble powder settles in the bottom of the lake contributing to its pollution. Also, most of the industries and small manufacturers of the area, have no waste water cleaning installations. Furthermore, large amounts of waste from the washing and lubrication of cars are channelled into the lake aggravating the condition. A very severe problem is the geomorphological change occurring within the lake area. The size and the depth of the lake are constantly restricted because of the transferred and deposited material and the technical construction made at the borders of the lake, such as dikes, illegal fillings with rubble from exploitation of land, and road construction. These works no longer permit the inflow of large quantities of clean water and hence aggravate the eutrophication of the lake. These changes occurring in and around the lake are very alarming. A major quantity of the deposited material comes from rock-weathering and precipitation of limestone assisted by large temperature fluctuations between winter and summer. Additionally, the removal of vegetation from Mt. Mitsikeli results in its rock-weathering and the banking up of the lake. The consequences of the eutrophication of the lake are serious and observable. During the last years, a significant reduction of the fish population has been recorded. Thus, the professional future of a considerable number of locals for whom fishing is an occupation, is uncertain. The quality of the fishes is not the same as to that of the previous decades and, according to the fishermen, the well-known eels of the lake have disappeared. Furthermore, the natural beauty of the area is very much downgraded. Large quantities of rubbish are found on the lakeside. During the summer, the eutrophication is more intense and the lake omits an offensive smell. One additional reason for this, is the reduction of its banks because of the intake of water. |
| Προτεραιότητα προστασίας |
Πανίδα και Χλωρίδα
| Χαρακτηριστικά Ενδιαιτήματα |
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| Αξιόλογα Φυτά |
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| Αξιόλογα Θηλαστικά |
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| Αξιόλογα Πτηνά |
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| Αξιόλογα Αμφίβια / Ερπετά |
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| Αξιόλογα Ψάρια |
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| Αξιόλογα Ασπόνδυλα |
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| Σχόλια για τα είδη |
