Στοιχεία Τόπου

Επίπεδα τόπων:
Επιλογές:

Σχεδίαση επιφανειών
Κωδικοί τόπων
Οικισμοί

Χαρτογραφικό υπόβαθρο:

Open cycle map
Open Street map
Κτηματολόγιο Α.Ε.

Γενικά Στοιχεία

Όνομα VOREIOANATOLIKO AKRO KRITIS: DIONYSADES, ELASA KAI CHERSONISOS SIDERO (AKRA MAVRO MOURI - VAI - AKRA PLAKAS) KAI THALASSIA ZONI
Κατηγορία Τόπου Βιότοπος NATURA
Κωδικός Τόπου GR4320006
Κύριος Χαρακτήρας
Βιότοπος
Φυσικό Τοπίο
Δομημένο Τοπίο
Διοικητική Υποδιαίρεση Νομός Λασιθίου
Δήμος-Κοινότητα
Συνολική Έκταση (ha) 13072.70
Χερσαία Έκταση (ha) 7462.97
Συνολική Περίμετρος (km) 84.5
Μέγιστο Υψόμετρο (m) 254.0
Ελάχιστο Υψόμετρο (m)
Ένταξη στο Υπάρχον Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο

Χαρακτηριστικά

Τύπος Τοπίου
Κλίμα
Γεωλογία
Περιγραφή Τόπου The site, the northeastern part of Crete, includes the easternmost area of the island, the peninsula of Sidero, and the nearby islets, Dyonisades and Elasa. Geologically this area of Crete consists of limestones and dolomites of the upper Cretaceous, bedded crystalline limestones of the Permian, phylites and neogene and alluvial deposits. The vegetation is mainly phrygana. There are a lot of valleys with maquis, some of them degrading. The palm forest (Phoenix theophrastii) of Vai, unique in Europe, is situated in a coastal valley, on the easternmost coast of Crete. This part of Crete is one of the driest parts of Greece. Almost all streams dry up during summer; they are surrounded by a typical vegetation of Oleanders, etc. There are 2-3 villages in the area. There are plantations of bananas in greenhouses while the land near the villages is cultivated. At the eastern coast there are a lot of sand dunes, mainly between the palm forest and the sea and east of Palaikastro at Grantes gulf. On the west side of Sidero peninsula there are Posidonia beds and flocs of Tursiops truncatus have been observed. On the tip of Sidero peninsula there is a military base. The nearby islets are uninhabited. The Dyonisades islets group consists of Permian limestone while Elasa islet consists of dolomites and limestones of upper Cretaceous. The vegetation on the islets is phrygana. Near the sea there are halophilous plants. In the larger islet of Dyonisades group as well as on the opposite coast of Crete the coastline is characterized by sea cliffs.
Κατάσταση Τόπου
Εγκατάλειψη οικισμών
Τάση Κατάστασης Τόπου
Ιστορία και εξέλιξη του τόπου
Σημεία με καλή Θέα
Μονοπάτια Περίπατοι

Αξίες

Οικολογική Αξία
Κοινωνικοοικονομική/πολιτιστική Αξία
Αισθητική Αξία
Σχόλιο για τις αξίες The whole area is very important for its flora and fauna, both marine and terrestrial.The palm forest is one of the most important characteristics of the area. It reaches an area of 20 ha. The species Phoenix theophrastii is under protection. The forest has already been characterised as an aesthetic forest (979/85) and it is under the management of the Forestry Department and it is also a Special Protection Area (SPA) and a site protected by the Barcelona Convention.Most of the plants which are listed in 3.3 are endemic. Some are strict endemics (Anthemis filicaulis, Carlina diae), some are endemics of the site (Campanula pelviformis, Campanula spatulata ssp. filicaulis, Asperula crassula), some are endemic of Crete and its satellite islets (Serratula cichoracea, Campanula creutzburgii, Asperula rigida, Muscari speitzenhoferi, Tulipa cretica, Teucrium alpestre, Hypericum amblycallyx, Ebenus cretica) some are endemics of the south Aegean islands and/or Cyclades and/or Dodekanese (Atriplex recurva, Carlina sitiensis, Centaurea raphanina ssp. raphanina, Crepis cretica, Crepis tybakiensis, Teucrium gracile, Limonium sitiacum, Limonium frederici, Cyclamen creticum, Allium rubrovittatum, Muscari dionysicum, Nepeta melissifolia, Stachys mucronata, Filago aegaea sp. aegaea, Dianthus fruticosus ssp. amorginus, Salsola aegaea, Salsola carpathia, Arenaria aegaea (=Arenaria serpyllifolia ssp. aegaea), Asperula tournefortii , Nigella doerfleri, Anthemis ammanthus (with two subspecies in the area) or of Greece (Cymbalaria microcalyx ssp. dodekanesi with a rare endemic subspecies in the area, Ornithogallum creticum, Melica rectiflora, Symphytum creticum).There are some plants that their presence in the area is the only (or one of the few) european presence of the species. The species Cistanche phelypea is a plant of the African deserts but it is rarely found in the site’s area; in Crete it is near the northern limits of its distribution and otherwise it occurs only in the Iberian peninsula in Europe. Allium longanum (rare in Greece and vulnerable in the world according to IUCN, 1993) is found in very few south Aegean islands and islets and also in Libya and Egypt. Also the African species Viola scorpiuroides is found in Crete and in Libya. The species Onosma graeca is generally found in NW Anatolia, out of Greece. Galium canum ssp. ovatum Cretan area East Aegean Islands & Turkey. Filago aegaea ssp. aristata is a plant with distribution in S & E Aegean, Ionian Islands, Kriti and Cyprus. Cynara cornigera is a species with distribution in S. Greece, the Aegean and Cyprus. Silene fabaria is an Aegean region endemic (occurring only in W Anatolia out of Greece). Teucrium brevifolium is found in Anatolia, Egypt and Libya out of Greece. Brassica cretica ssp. aegaea is a chasmophyte with distribution in Greece, SW Anatolia, Mt Carmel. Didesmus aegyptius is an east mediterranean element, islet specialist. Euphorbia dimorphocaulon is a mediterranean species with distribution in Crete S Turkey and Cyprus.Most of the plants can be characterised as rare, some species are considered vulnerable, while relatively few species are common in the area and in the country. Parietaria cretica is a species with distribution in Sicily, Greece and the Aegean region. Polygala venulosa is a species with distribution in S Greece, the Aegean, Anatolia and Cyprus.The following species are protected by the Greek Law (Presidential Decree 67/81) and are included in the IUCN Red Data List (1993) in the category of threatened plants and in the European Red List of Globally Threatened Plants characterized as «rare»: Anthemis filicaulis, Asperula tournefortii, Campanula creutzburgii, Carlina sitiensis, Crepis tybakiensis, Dianthus fruticosus ssp. amorginus, Hypericum amblycalyx, Limonium frederici, Muscari dionysicum, Nigella fumariifolia, Salsola carpatha, Viola scorpiuroides.The following species are protected by the Greek Law (Presidential Decree 67/81) and are included in the IUCN Red Data List (1993) in the category of threatened plants: Centaurea aegialophila (vulnerable), Nigella fumariifolia (rare; found in Greece and in Cyprus).Tulipa saxatilis is protected by the Greek Law (Presidential Decree 67/81)The strict endemic species Carlina diae is protected by the Bern convention (revised appendix I, 1992) and by the Greek Law (Presidential Decree 67/81) and is included in the IUCN Red Data List (1993) in the category of threatened plants and in the European Red List of Globally Trheatened Plants characterized as vulnerable.The orchids Anacamptis pyramidalis, Ophrys fusca are protected by the CITES Convention (Annex C).Lygeum spartum in the area is important. This species belongs to the desert-like floristic element, occurring only in steppe communities in Kriti in Greece (it occurs at similar habitats in Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy in Europe); it is one of the very rare grasses in Greece (Damanakis & Scholz, 1990). Distribution in Europe: at similar habitats.Note: The IUCN characterizations given concern the plant’s status in Greece unless otherwise stated.Concerning the animals, there are a lot of invertebrate endemic species and some vertebrate endemic subspecies. Regarding the reptiles one can say that their presence is quite important. On Crete the reptiles are found in isolated small populations while on the islets there are endemic subspecies. The species Hemidactylus turcicus is protected by the Greek Law (Presidential Decree 67/1981) and by the Bern Convention (appendix III). The species Cyrtodactylus kotschyi, Coluber gemonensis and Telescopus fallax are also protected by the Bern convention (appendix II) and are considered species of Community interest (Annex IV, Directive 92/43/EEC). Lacerta trilineata and Podarcis erhardii , besides being legally protected by the above law and convention, they are also considered species of Community interest (Annex IV, Directive 92/43/EEC). For Chameleon chameleon (which is not listed in 3.3), cautiousness is needed. There are few old records from Crete which need confirmation. But if this species is present on Crete then it is very rare and needs special attention. It is considered a species of Community interest (Annex IV, Directive 92/43/EEC), included in the National Red Data Book and protected by the Greek Law (Presidential Decree 67/1981), by the Bern Convention (appendix II) and by the Convention on the Conservation on International Trade in Endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES). The mammal Pipistrellus savii is considered species of Community interest (Annex IV, Directive 92/43/EEC) and protected by the Greek Law (Presidential Decree 67/1981) and by the Bern Convention (appendix II)Most species of the land snails mentioned in 3.3. are endemic of the site or of Crete. The Dyonisades group has been characterised as an Important Bird Area, especially for birds that live at cliffs. The sea fauna and flora is quite interesting since in this area one can find Ruppia cirrhosa which is rare in Crete. On the west side of Sidero peninsula flocks of Tursiops truncatus (species listed on Annex II, Directive 92/43/EEC) have been observed.Apart from the important species of fauna and flora there are also archaeological and fossil findings in the area.

Κίνδυνοι

Απειλές/διαταραχές
Σχόλιο για τις απειλές-διαταραχές
Τρωτότητα The complexity of the area demands special attention. In the nearby islets, Dyonisades and Elasa, sea environment is at risk mainly due to the illegal fishing that takes place in the area. The terrestrial environment of the islets is vulnerable because of grazing. Also, scientists should be mindful on what species (mainly plants) and how many samples they collect from these islets since there are rare species on the islands. On the island of Crete the dangers are many more. The sand beaches are the first places where hotels or any kind of tourist accommodations tend to establish. As a result the sand dunes, on land, and the posidonian beds in the sea are at threat. Because there is an extended sand beach in front of the Palm forest the latter could be, negatively and seriously, affected by any future human interference. Also this unique forest can be affected by overdrawing of water from the surrounding areas. Another threat for the palm forest is that other palm species should not be planted in a distance less than 10 km since the Cretan species hybridises with other congeneric species. In the whole area overgrazing takes place and this has not only affected vegetation, but there are also signs of desertification in certain places. Grazing is more often than not followed by fire which is another problem for the whole area.Human activities apart from cultivations are hunting, camping, fishing. Too often these are illegal, either regarding the place or the season they take place.
Προτεραιότητα προστασίας

Πανίδα και Χλωρίδα

Χαρακτηριστικά Ενδιαιτήματα
Αξιόλογα Φυτά
Allium longanum
Allium rubrovittatum
Anacamptis pyramidalis
Anthemis ammanthus ammanthus (Ανθεμίδα ο άμμανθος)
Anthemis ammanthus paleacea (Ανθεμίδα η παλεάκεα)
Anthemis filicaulis (Ανθεμίδα η νηματόβλαστη)
Asperula rigida (Ασπέρουλα η τραχεία)
Atriplex recurva
Campanula pelviformis
Carlina diae
Centaurea aegialophila
Centaurea idaea
Cistanche phelypaea
Crepis tybakiensis
Crocus tournefortii
Cyclamen creticum
Cymbalaria microcalyx dodekanesi
Cynara cornigera
Dianthus fruticosus amorginus (Αγριογαρύφαλλο της Αμοργού)
Ebenus cretica (Έβενος ο κρητικός)
Fibigia lunarioides
Filago aegaea aristata
Hypericum amblycalyx
Limonium frederici
Lygeum spartum
Nepeta melissifolia
Ophrys fusca
Phlomis lanata
Phoenix theophrasti (Κρητικός φοίνικας)
Ricotia cretica
Salsola aegaea (Σαλσόλα του Αιγαίου)
Scutellaria sieberi
Seseli gummiferum crithmifolium
Silene fabaria domocina
Stachys spinosa
Teucrium alpestre alpestre (Τεύκριο το αλπικό)
Teucrium brevifolium
Trigonella rechingeri
Tulipa cretica
Tulipa saxatilis
Valeriana asarifolia
Viola scorpiuroides
Αξιόλογα Θηλαστικά
Monachus monachus (Μεσογειακή φώκια)
Pipistrellus savii (Βουνονυχτερίδα)
Tursiops truncatus (Ρινοδέλφινο)
Αξιόλογα Πτηνά
Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Τσιχλοποταμίδα)
Acrocephalus paludicola (Νεροποταμίδα)
Acrocephalus palustris (Βαλτοποταμίδα)
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Βουρλοποταμίδα)
Actitis hypoleucos (Ποταμότριγγας)
Alcedo atthis (Αλκυόνα)
Anthus campestris campestris (Χαμοκελάδα)
Anthus trivialis trivialis (Δενδροκελάδα)
Apus apus apus (Σταχτάρα)
Apus melba melba (Σκεπαρνάς)
Apus pallidus illyricus (Ωχροσταχτάρα)
Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos (Χρυσαητός)
Aquila pomarina (Κραυγαητός)
Ardea purpurea (Πορφυροτσικνιάς)
Ardeola ralloides (Κρυπτοτσικνιάς)
Calandrella brachydactyla (Μικρογαλιάντρα)
Calidris alpina alpina (Λασποσκαλήθρα)
Calidris ferruginea (Δρεπανοσκάληθρα)
Calidris minuta (Νανοσκαλήθρα)
Calidris temminckii (Σταχτοσκαλήθρα)
Calonectris diomedea (Αρτέμης)
Caprimulgus europaeus (Γυδοβυζάχτρα)
Carduelis cannabina bella (Φανέτο …)
Carduelis carduelis balcanica (Καρδερίνα η Βαλκανική)
Charadrius alexandrinus (Θαλασσοσφυριχτής)
Charadrius dubius (Ποταμοσφυριχτής)
Charadrius hiaticula (Αμμοσφυριχτής)
Chlidonias hybridus (Μουστακογλάρονο)
Chlidonias leucopterus (Αργυρογλάρονο)
Circus aeruginosus (Καλαμόκιρκος)
Circus pygargus (Λιβαδόκιρκος)
Coturnix coturnix (Ορτύκι)
Crex crex (Ορτυκομάνα)
Cuculus canorus (Κούκος)
Egretta garzetta (Λευκοτσικνιάς)
Emberiza hortulana (Βλάχος)
Emberiza melanocephala (Αμπελουργός)
Falco eleonorae (Μαυροπετρίτης)
Falco naumanni (Κιρκινέζι)
Falco peregrinus brookei (Πετρίτης)
Falco subbuteo (Δεντρογέρακο)
Gallinago gallinago (Μεκατσίνι)
Gallinago media (Διπλομπεκάτσινο)
Hieraaetus fasciatus (Σπιζαητός)
Hieraaetus pennatus (Σταυραητός)
Hippolais icterina (Κιτρινοστριτσίδα)
Hirundo rustica rustica (Χελιδόνι)
Hydrobates pelagicus (Υδροβάτης)
Ixobrychus minutus (Μικροτσικνιάς)
Jynx torquilla torquilla (Στραβολαίμης)
Lanius collurio collurio (Αητόμαχος)
Lanius minor (Γαϊδουροκεφαλάς)
Lanius senator senator (Κοκκινοκέφαλος)
Larus audouinii (Αιγαιόγλαρος)
Larus minutus (Νανόγλαρος)
Larus ridibundus (Καστανοκέφαλος γλάρος)
Locustella fluviatilis (Ποταμοτριλιστής)
Locustella naevia naevia (Θαμνοτριλιστής)
Luscinia luscinia (Τσιχλαηδόνι)
Luscinia megarhynchos (Αηδόνι)
Merops apiaster (Μελισσοφάγος)
Miliaria calandra (Τσιφτάς)
Milvus migrans aegypticus (Τσίφτης Αιγυπτιακός)
Motacilla cinerea (Σταχτοσουσουράδα)
Motacilla flava beema (Κιτρινοσουσουράδα)
Numenius arquata arquata (Τουρλίδα)
Nycticorax nycticorax (Νυχτοκόρακας)
Oenanthe hispanica (Ασπροκώλα)
Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (Σταχτοπετρόκλης)
Oriolus oriolus oriolus (Συκοφάγος)
Otus scops (Γκιώνης)
Pernis apivorus (Σφηκιάρης)
Phalacrocorax aristotelis (Θαλασσοκόρακας)
Philomachus pugnax (Μαχητής)
Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (Κοκκινονούρης)
Phylloscopus bonelli orientalis (Βουνοφυλλοσκόπος)
Phylloscopus collybita abietinus (Δενδροφυλλοσκόπος των ελάτων)
Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Δασοφυλλοσκόπος)
Phylloscopus trochilus acredula (Θαμνοφυλλοσκόπος)
Platalea leucorodia (Χουλιαρομύτα)
Plegadis falcinellus
Porzana parva (Μικροπουλάδα)
Porzana porzana (Στικτοπουλάδα)
Puffinus puffinus puffinus (Μύχος)
Rallus aquaticus (Νεροκοτσέλα)
Riparia riparia riparia (Οχθοχελίδονο)
Saxicola rubetra (Καστανολαίμης)
Saxicola torquata (Μαυρολαίμης)
Sterna albifrons (Νανογλάρονο)
Sterna hirundo (Ποταμογλάρονο)
Streptopelia turtur (Τριγώνι)
Sylvia cantillans albistriata (Κοκκινοτσιροβάκος)
Sylvia hortensis crassirostris (Δεντροτσιροβάκος)
Tringa erythropus (Μαυρότριγγας)
Tringa glareola (Λασπότριγγας)
Tringa stagnatilis (Βαλτότριγγας)
Tringa totanus totanus (Κοκκινοσκέλης)
Turdus merula aterrimus (Κότσυφας)
Upupa epops epops (Τσαλαπετεινός)
Αξιόλογα Αμφίβια / Ερπετά
Coluber gemonensis gemonensis
Cyrtodactylus kotschyi adelphiensis (Κυρτοδάκτυλος των νησιών Αδέλφια)
Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus (Σαμιαμίδι)
Lacerta trilineata cariensis (Τρανόσαυρα της Ικαρίας)
Podarcis erhardii amorgensis (Σιλιβούτι της Αμοργού)
Telescopus fallax fallax (Αγιόφιδο)
Αξιόλογα Ψάρια
Αξιόλογα Ασπόνδυλα
Σχόλια για τα είδη