Στοιχεία Τόπου

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Κωδικοί τόπων
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Κτηματολόγιο Α.Ε.

Γενικά Στοιχεία

Όνομα PERIOCHI METSOVOU (ANILIO - KATARA)
Κατηγορία Τόπου Βιότοπος NATURA
Κωδικός Τόπου GR2130006
Κύριος Χαρακτήρας
Βιότοπος
Φυσικό Τοπίο
Δομημένο Τοπίο
Διοικητική Υποδιαίρεση Νομός Ιωαννίνων
Δήμος-Κοινότητα
Συνολική Έκταση (ha) 7328.82
Χερσαία Έκταση (ha) 7328.82
Συνολική Περίμετρος (km) 48.3
Μέγιστο Υψόμετρο (m) 1823.0
Ελάχιστο Υψόμετρο (m) 824.0
Ένταξη στο Υπάρχον Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο

Χαρακτηριστικά

Τύπος Τοπίου
Κλίμα
Γεωλογία
Περιγραφή Τόπου The main geomorphological characteristic of the site is that it is the natural border between the N and S Pindos mountain ranges and also the main pass from Ipeiros to Thessalia. Apart from the areas of Metsovo and Anilio, the site includes two summits Voulgaris (1821 m) and Thanasakis (1820 m) of Mt. Zygos (north-east of Metsovo) and part of the drainage basin of the Aoos River (at an average of 1300 m). We must note that although Voulgaris and Thanasakis have been treated by many researchers as different mountains (the former as Aspra Litharia and the latter as part of Mt. Zygos), they actually both belong to the Zygos mountain range. The ravine lines of Anilio and Malakasi seem to delimit the borders between S and N Pindos. The early botanists and also the local residents support this last case. Geologically, the site consists mainly of flysch and also of serpentines (peridotites) and there are many freshwater sources in the area. A dam has been constructed by the National Electricity Company at the NW limits of the site, using the water flow of Piges Aoou, probably changing some of the site's characteristics. In order to face the problems caused by the snowfall during winter along the road of the Katara Pass, a tunnel is under construction below Mt. Zygos from the ravine north-east of Anilio to the ravine west of Malakasi. The Ski Centre above Metsovo is not very big and mainly covers the needs of Ipeiros for winter sports.
Κατάσταση Τόπου
Εγκατάλειψη οικισμών
Τάση Κατάστασης Τόπου
Ιστορία και εξέλιξη του τόπου
Σημεία με καλή Θέα
Μονοπάτια Περίπατοι

Αξίες

Οικολογική Αξία
Κοινωνικοοικονομική/πολιτιστική Αξία
Αισθητική Αξία
Σχόλιο για τις αξίες The region of Metsovo-Anilio-Katara Pass-Piges Aoou shows floristic and phytogeographical connections to both south and north Pindos. The plant taxa listed in section 3.3 are more or less endemic to the wider area of the Pindos mountain range, S Albania included. Only a few of them have been listed in the Hellenic Presidential Decree 67/1981 (motivation D) but they should all be considered as "Rare" and deserves the appropriate protection as they are definite phylogenetic and phytogeographical elements of the Hellenic flora. The plant species included in the "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna", (section 3.3) have been marked with motivation D for the following reasons: Balkan endemics: Orobanche rechingeri occurs in C and SW Greece and SW Anatolia, and is the only known serpentine endemic among the parasitic flowering plants of Europe, which is also listed in the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981. The occurrence of the Brown Bear Ursus arctos and other species of Annex II of the Directive 92/43/EEC (see section 3.2), together with Other Important Taxa (see section 3.3), indicates the quality and importance of this site's fauna. The bear is a seriously threatened species in Greece (characterized as "Endangered" in the Greek Red Data Book) although it is less threatened in Greece than in other European countries. Among the important species of the site is the dormouse Dryomys nitedula (both motivation A taxa) is mentioned in the Red Data Book under the threat "Rare", respectively. Some taxa are Balkan endemics (i.e., the lacertid lizard Algyroides nigropunctatus and Dryomys nitedula wingei) and this is one of the reasons why these taxa are marked with motivation D. The remaining D-marked taxa along with A. nigropunctatus is protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981. One exception however, is the hare Lepus europeaus its D classification is due to the general rareness of the former taxon in Greece, and the fact that the latter taxon shows the southwestern end of its distribution range in NW Greece.All taxa recorded with motivation C are included in the Bern Convention. Natrix tessellata is additionally indicated by D since it is mentioned in the handbook of the CORINE-Biotopes Project.The available data indicate that a remarkable fauna, rather characteristic of the meadows and forests of northern Greece, exists in this site. The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation C are protected by the Bern Convention. The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation D are protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981.Saturnia pyri is protected by the IUCN Red List and the European Red List of Globally Threatened Animals and Plants and it is included in the "Listing of biotopes in Europe according to their significance for invertebrates".

Κίνδυνοι

Απειλές/διαταραχές
Σχόλιο για τις απειλές-διαταραχές
Τρωτότητα Woodworking (mainly furniture) and wood-engraving have for centuries been two of the main occupations of the local residents. This of course is an additional reason for thrashing, apart from the need to collect wood for heating and cooking purposes. Until the 19th century the problem did not seem to be so severe. During the 19th century the liberation war against the Turkish empire, lead to extensive thrashing, not only for the wood itself but also to make it impossible for the enemies to be covered on the great bare slopes. After the liberation from the Turks the destroyed forest was not restored, whilst the rate of thrashing increased. Finally, many fires during the 20th century (some of them during the last decades) caused great degradation to the previously dense Fagus and Pinus forests of the area.Overgrazing is another factor with negative impact. A lot of sheep and cattle graze on the meadows of the site during late spring and summer. The problem becomes more severe during years with less rainfall. People from other areas, usually from northern Greece, or even from Albania or the former Yugoslavia, come south to graze their animals. The constructions being made i.e., the ski centre, tunnel, roads and a rubbish dump, are causing other negative impacts. In some cases, the damage is very localized and some restoration has already been started. In the case of the dump, one negative effect that will probably appear, is the degradation of the native vegetation. The construction of the tunnel has caused noticeable damage, as tree-felling in the area was necessary. Despite that, a good impact is expected as much traffic will be directed underground not only during winter but also during the summer as the tunnel is a short-cut. Overgrazing and hunting constitute the main threats to the fauna of the site. Road construction also causes serious damage to many habitats by destroying their continuity.
Προτεραιότητα προστασίας

Πανίδα και Χλωρίδα

Χαρακτηριστικά Ενδιαιτήματα
Αξιόλογα Φυτά
Abies borisii-regis (Μακεδονικό έλατο)
Allium phthioticum
Anthyllis vulneraria bulgarica
Asperula aristata thessala
Barbarea sicula
Bornmuellera tymphaea
Campanula foliosa
Campanula hawkinsiana
Cirsium appendiculatum
Dactylorhiza baumanniana
Dactylorhiza kalopissii
Dianthus deltoides degenii
Dianthus integer minutiflorus
Fritillaria epirotica
Gentiana cruciata cruciata
Leptoplax emarginata
Lilium chalcedonicum
Minuartia baldaccii
Ophioglossum vulgatum
Orobanche rechingeri
Peucedanum stridii
Pinus heldreichii (Ρόμπολο)
Silene haussknechtii
Soldanella pindicola
Viola epirota
Αξιόλογα Θηλαστικά
Dryomys nitedula wingei (Δεντρομυωξός)
Lepus europaeus carpathous (Λαγός της Καρπάθου)
Sorex minutus gymnurus (Νανομυγαλή)
Ursus arctos (Αρκούδα)
Αξιόλογα Πτηνά
Αξιόλογα Αμφίβια / Ερπετά
Algyroides nigropunctatus (Κερκυραϊκή σαύρα)
Bombina variegata scabra (Κιτρινοβομβίνα)
Natrix tessellata tessellata (Κυβόφιδο)
Rana graeca (Ελληνικός Βάτραχος)
Testudo hermanni hermanni (Ονυχοχελώνα)
Typhlops vermicularis (Τυφλίνος)
Vipera ursinii graeca (Οχιά των λιβαδιών)
Αξιόλογα Ψάρια
Αξιόλογα Ασπόνδυλα
Parnassius apollo (Παρνάσσιος ο Απόλλων)
Parnassius mnemosyne athene (Παρνάσσιος των Αθηνών)
Pieris ergane (Πιερίς η Εργάνη)
Σχόλια για τα είδη