Στοιχεία Τόπου

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Κτηματολόγιο Α.Ε.

Γενικά Στοιχεία

Όνομα OROS ERYMANTHOS
Κατηγορία Τόπου Βιότοπος NATURA
Κωδικός Τόπου GR2320008
Κύριος Χαρακτήρας
Βιότοπος
Φυσικό Τοπίο
Δομημένο Τοπίο
Διοικητική Υποδιαίρεση Νομός Αχαϊας
Δήμος-Κοινότητα
Συνολική Έκταση (ha) 19332.14
Χερσαία Έκταση (ha) 19332.14
Συνολική Περίμετρος (km) 80.9
Μέγιστο Υψόμετρο (m) 2208.0
Ελάχιστο Υψόμετρο (m) 586.0
Ένταξη στο Υπάρχον Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο

Χαρακτηριστικά

Τύπος Τοπίου
Κλίμα
Γεωλογία
Περιγραφή Τόπου The mountain range of Erymanthos is the highest one of an extended mountainous area in NW Peloponnisos, consisting of several peaks and characterized by a multifarious relief with many springs, valleys, plateaus and gorges. From the springs of the Olonos summit, two small rivers are formed crossing the two biggest gorges of Mt. Erymanthos. These gorges are very impressive from an aesthetic point of view, as the landscape presents several spectacular waterfalls. The Erymanthos mountain range belongs to the Olonos-Pindos geotectonic zone and the geological substratum is composed of plate limestones with layers of ceratolith and flysch. The contact of the calcareous rocks with the waterproof schists is the main reason for the existence of many springs occuring at altitudes higher than 1500m. The conifer forests with Abies cephalonica occuring on the largest part of the northern slopes of Mt. Erymanthos are characterized by good structure and dense stands up to 1800-1900m, whilst on the western slopes extended calcareous cliffs are present. The southern slopes are covered by Abies cephalonica and Juniperus foetidissima stands up to lower altitudes (1600-1700m) and, as a consequence of intense erosion and grazing, the degradation stages of vegetation accompanied by bare rocky ground give the main appearance of the landscape.
Κατάσταση Τόπου
Εγκατάλειψη οικισμών
Τάση Κατάστασης Τόπου
Ιστορία και εξέλιξη του τόπου
Σημεία με καλή Θέα
Μονοπάτια Περίπατοι

Αξίες

Οικολογική Αξία
Κοινωνικοοικονομική/πολιτιστική Αξία
Αισθητική Αξία
Σχόλιο για τις αξίες The importance of the mountain range of Erymanthos lies in the presence of many endemic plants. Although less than those on the other high mountains of Peloponnisos, well conserved coniferous forests with Abies cephalonica and Juniperus foetidissima at the mountainous altitudinal levels, as well as well preserved habitats of the Mountain- and Oro-Mediterranean zones (1600-2221m) are present, along with open stepped garland grasslands, dense, closed chionophilous grasslands, calcareous cliffs and screes. The occurrence of some Peloponnesian endemics on Mt. Erymanthos must be pointed out. Due to the fact that no species is known to be singly endemic to Mt. Erymanthos, we have to mention the lack of complete floristic and vegetation research from all Erymanthos. A great percentage of the endemic and non-endemic taxa of Erymanthos is classified as one of the main IUCN Red Data Book categories (Rare, Vulnerable, Endangered). As concerns the species listed in section 3.3 with motivation D, the following reasons must be referred: Saxifraga paniculata: An arctic-alpine species occuring in all the major mountain ranges of C and S Europe and extending through Anatolia to the Caucasus; S Norway; Greenland; E North America. In Peloponnisos this species occurs only on Mt. Erymanthos. Cotoneaster integerrimus: singly occurring on Mt. Erymanthos as concerns Peloponnisos. This species is distributed in C. and S. Europe and locally in Scandinavia. Scrophularia myriophylla: A species of eastern origin distributed in Anatolia and on mountains of S Greece (Taygetos, Kyllini, Chelmos, Erymanthos). Allium phtioticum: a Balkan species distributed in Greece (Peloponnisos, Sterea Ellada, Pindos, North Central) and Albania (Mt. Olonan). In Peloponnisos, this species has limited occurences on Mts. Erymanthos and Chelmos. Dasypyrum hordeaceum: This species presents a disjunct distribution as it occurs only in NW Africa and Greece. In Greece, it is found only on the Mts. Taygetos and Erymanthos. Moreover to the above mentioned taxa incorporated in Motivation D, some comments must be made on the geographical distribution of the rest species which belong to the following categories: a) Balkan endemics: Poa thessala, Lilium chalcedonicum, Minuartia stellata, Acer heldreichi, Dianthus integer subsp. minutiflorus, Silene radicosa subsp.radicosa, Achillea holosericea, Arenaria cretica, Astragalus creticus subsp. rumelicus, Campanula spatulata subsp. spatulata, Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. bulgarica, Herniaria parnassica subsp. parnassica,Hieracium cymosum subsp. heldreichianum, Myosotis alpestris subsp. suaveolens, Saxifraga chrysosplenifolia, Scrophularia laciniata, Trifolium pignantii, Valantia aprica, Allium phtioticum, Arabis bryoides, Helleborus cyclophyllus and Senecio thapsoides. b) Species distributed in the Balkan peninsula and Anatolia: Acanthollimon echinus subsp.echinus, Anthemis cretica subsp. cretica, Aethionema saxatile subsp. oreophilum, Carduus tmoleus, Dianthus viscidus, Geranium macrostylum, Saxifraga sempervivum, Scrophularia myriophylla, Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii, Allium frigidum, Pimpinella tragium subsp. polyclada. c) The remaining species present an interesting distribution range. Some of the above mentioned species are incorporated in one of the IUCN Red Data Book categories (WCMC 1993) : Allium frigidum (R), Allium phtioticum (R), Scrophularia myriophylla (R). d) endemics: Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. minor: An endemic species of W Greece (Ionian islands, Peloponnisos)and the adjacent mainland. This species is found on Mt. Boumistos (Akarnia), Mt. Ainos on Kefalonia (Ionian islands) and in Peloponnisos only on Mt. Erymanthos. Edraianthus parnassicus: An endemic species in Peloponnisos distributed only on Mt. Erymanthos, but also occurring on the high mountains of Sterea Ellada (Parnassos, Gkiona, Oiti, Vardousia, Oxya, Chelidona, Kaliakouda, Tymfristos). Many remarkable vertebrate taxa (excluding birds) are included in the fauna recorded in this site; they are amphibians, reptiles or mammals. This species is naturally distributed in most of the Greek mainland and some islands, also penetrating into southern Albania. It also occurs in Sardinia, where it has probably been introduced. Testudo marginata is an animal protected by both the International and Greek legislation. All the remaining taxa were considered as Other Important on the basis of the motivation system used in section 3.3. The jackal Canis aureus is a threatened mammal with the status "Vulnerable" according to the Greek Red Data Book. The significance of the fauna of this mountain is also indicated by the sympatric occurrence of three Greek endemic lizard taxa (Algyroides moreoticus, Podarcis peloponnesiaca and Podarcis erhardii livadiaca) and one endemic carnivorous mammal (the fox Vulpes vulpes hellenica). With the exceptions of the jackal all other vertebrate taxa of section 3.3 are protected by the Bern Convention and therefore have the C motivation. Some taxa of this sections are given the D motivation because they are listed in the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981. Moreover, the toad Bufo viridis and the gecko lizard Cyrtodactylus kotschyi bibroni, have been evaluated by the CORINE-Biotopes Project thus receiving the same motivation for this reason. Some other taxa are also given motivation D for additional reasons. Namely, the Alpine Newt, Triturus alpestris, is very rare in northern Peloponnisos where few isolated small populations have been found; the gecko lizard C. k. bibroni has a very broken distribution area in Greece, while the hare Lepus europaeus, is very rare throughout the country due to intensive hunting. The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation C are protected by the Bern Convention.The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation D are protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981, Spialia phlomidis is also included in the list of "Threatened Rhopalocera (butterflies) of Europe". Pyrgus alveus and Thersamonia thersamon are also included in this list.

Κίνδυνοι

Απειλές/διαταραχές
Σχόλιο για τις απειλές-διαταραχές
Τρωτότητα The main threats to the maintenance of the special ecological characteristics of the mountainous ecosystems of Erymanthos, originate from overgrazing by goats and sheep, logging, road expansion, poaching and hunting. Overgrazing is one of the major threats to the survival of many unique plant associations in the open stepped grasslands, which are characterized by high diversity and a higher number of endemic species. From 1961 to 1972 there was a decrease in the number of goats grazing on the mountains, but an increase in the number of sheep, and the total number of grazing animals increased. During the 10 year period 1980-1990 however, the number appeared to stabilize. Forestry, stock farming, hunting and shooting are the main human activities in the area. The former two have an indirect but remarkable impact on the local fauna through the habitat destruction or alteration (deforestation, overgrazing, etc.). The third activity causes a serious decline of the bird populations. Disturbance of pools and other small stagnant water bodies could be critical to the susceptible alpine newt (Triturus alpestris).
Προτεραιότητα προστασίας

Πανίδα και Χλωρίδα

Χαρακτηριστικά Ενδιαιτήματα
Αξιόλογα Φυτά
Abies cephalonica (Κεφαλλονίτικο έλατο)
Acantholimon echinus echinus (Ακανθολιμών ο εχίνος)
Acer heldreichii heldreichii (Αγριοπλάτανος)
Achillea umbellata monocephala
Allium phthioticum
Anthemis cretica cretica
Arabis bryoides
Asperula aristata thessala
Aurinia moreana
Campanula radicosa
Centaurea raphanina mixta
Cerastium candidissimum
Dianthus biflorus
Dianthus integer minutiflorus
Dianthus tymphresteus
Edraianthus parnassicus
Erysimum cephalonicum
Erysimum pectinatum
Festuca jeanpertii
Fritillaria graeca
Geocaryum peloponnesiacum
Lilium chalcedonicum
Minuartia confusa
Minuartia stellata
Minuartia verna attica
Poa thessala
Rhamnus sibthorpianus (Ράμνος του Σίμπθορπ)
Saxifraga sibthorpii
Sideritis clandestina clandestina
Silene auriculata
Silene radicosa
Thlaspi graecum
Trifolium parnassi
Valeriana olenaea
Verbascum epixanthinum
Veronica thymifolia
Viola chelmea
Αξιόλογα Θηλαστικά
Canis aureus moreoticus (Τσακάλι)
Lepus europaeus carpathous (Λαγός της Καρπάθου)
Martes foina (Κουνάβι)
Meles meles (Ασβός)
Mustela nivalis galinthias (Νυφίτσα)
Αξιόλογα Πτηνά
Αξιόλογα Αμφίβια / Ερπετά
Algyroides moreoticus (Πελοπονησσιακή σαύρα)
Bufo bufo bufo (Χωματόφρυνος)
Bufo viridis viridis (Πρασινόφρυνος)
Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus (Σαμιαμίδι)
Podarcis peloponnesiaca lais (Γουστέρα της Βόρειας Πελοποννήσου)
Rana graeca (Ελληνικός Βάτραχος)
Salamandra salamandra salamandra (Σαλαμάνδρα)
Testudo marginata (Κρασπεδωτή χελώνα)
Triturus alpestris alpestris(t.a. veluchiensis) (Αλπικός Τρίτωνας)
Αξιόλογα Ψάρια
Αξιόλογα Ασπόνδυλα
Parnassius apollo (Παρνάσσιος ο Απόλλων)
Parnassius mnemosyne athene (Παρνάσσιος των Αθηνών)
Σχόλια για τα είδη