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Κτηματολόγιο Α.Ε.

Γενικά Στοιχεία

Όνομα LIMNOTHALASSA KALOGRIAS, DASOS STROFYLIAS KAI ELOS LAMIAS, ARAXOS
Κατηγορία Τόπου Βιότοπος NATURA
Κωδικός Τόπου GR2320001
Κύριος Χαρακτήρας
Βιότοπος
Φυσικό Τοπίο
Δομημένο Τοπίο
Διοικητική Υποδιαίρεση Νομός Αχαϊας
Δήμος-Κοινότητα
Συνολική Έκταση (ha) 3533.89
Χερσαία Έκταση (ha) 3533.89
Συνολική Περίμετρος (km) 38.7
Μέγιστο Υψόμετρο (m) 53.0
Ελάχιστο Υψόμετρο (m)
Ένταξη στο Υπάρχον Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο

Χαρακτηριστικά

Τύπος Τοπίου
Κλίμα
Γεωλογία
Περιγραφή Τόπου The examined site is located in NW Peloponnisos and occupies a coastal zone of about 22 km in length and with an average width of 1500 m. It is a compound coastal ecosystem, that includes the lagoons of Prokopos and Kalogria (or PAPPAS) the Lamia marshes, as well as the forest of Strofilia. Most of the area studied lies on sand-dune formations, while an area of about 1200 ha the hill Mavra Vouna, a small area near the place Kounoupeli and a small area to the east of the Kalogria lagoon are all composed of hard limestone. Behind the dunes nearly all the eastern part of the area is covered with clay deposits with depths of a few centimetres to more than 2 m. The soil of the seashore consists of unconnected single-grained medium and fine sized sand with a very small amount of silt. The material is rich in calcium. The soils in the Pinus halepensis forest have a sandy to loamy-sand texture with 4-16% of silt plus clay with a humus rich surface layer. Typical characteristics of these soils are their high pH (7.5-8.3) and their high content of free calcium and other carbonates (up to 40%). The soils of the Pinus pinea and Quercus macrolepis zone show two horizons. The upper horizon has a depth of between 15 and 25 cm, composed of loamy sand enriched with organic material and having a weak platy structure.The lower horizon between 25 and 35 cm is weakly impregnated and coloured by organic material, has a pH of 6.0 to 6.6 without calcium carbonate, and very often contains soft iron and maganese concretions. The C-horizon between 40 and 60cm, consists of sandy parent material containing more than 15% CaCO3. This horizon has a pH of more than 8.0 and many hard unregular Ca concretions. The soils of fine deposits and associated saline soils, which exist in the eastern treeless inner part of the site, have a surface layer 10-140 cm thick, which consists of fine lake sediments (clay). Below this layer sands are deposited with a pH of 7.8-8.6, 5-30% free CaCO3 and high salinity. The soils of the hard limestone zone have a clayey to loamy texture and a strong, fine, granular angular structure, a pH of 6.7 and are without Ca carbonates. They represent soil remnants overlying limestone bedrock (Papamichos et al. 1986).
Κατάσταση Τόπου
Εγκατάλειψη οικισμών
Τάση Κατάστασης Τόπου
Ιστορία και εξέλιξη του τόπου
Σημεία με καλή Θέα
Μονοπάτια Περίπατοι

Αξίες

Οικολογική Αξία
Κοινωνικοοικονομική/πολιτιστική Αξία
Αισθητική Αξία
Σχόλιο για τις αξίες The forest ecosystem of Strofilia is of great ecological interest because it is the most extensive Pinus pinea forest in Greece and one of the biggest in Europe. The non-forest ecosystems such as sandy hills, fresh- and salt-water wetlands wet meadows and sandy beaches are also of significance. In spite of human activities a significant part of the sand-dunes is in good ecological condition. Centaurea niederi which is a plant listed in Annex II of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC and the Bern Convention, is a rare local Greek endemic, which grows on calcareous rocks in the Kalogria area (hill Mavra Vouna). This plant is classified as "Endangered" in the WCMC Plants Database and is protected by national legislation (Presidential Decree 67/1981).

Κίνδυνοι

Απειλές/διαταραχές
Σχόλιο για τις απειλές-διαταραχές
Τρωτότητα In the laggon of Kalogria (Fish-farm of PAPPAS) during the summer of July-August 1996 large-scale mortality of fish and shell-fish (clams, etc) and the complete destruction of the flora and fauna of the laggon was observed. The cause of this mortality according to the report of Dr. Kaspiris, was the release of Hydrogen Sulphide (Kaspiris 1996) or from renewed activity of the geological fault of the lagoon (Varnavas 1996). In Strofilia forest it has been observed that Pinus halepensis dominates while P. pinea is decreasing in number (the considerable absence of young trees reveals abnormal regeneration of P. pinea during the last decades, probably due to human activities). An interference of the predominance of Asphodelus aestivus has been noticed in the wet meadows, as well as in many places in Strofilia forest.This species is an indicator of overgrazed areas. Concerning the Quercus macrolepis forest, there is the opinion that it is a relict element in this area that needs protection. The observed natural hedges of Fraxinus angustifolius and Ulmus minor are relicts of previous hydrophilous forests, the conservation of which is imposed by scientific, educational and national reasons. Generally, the entire area of Strofilia has been strongly influenced by fire, overgrazing, recreation, hunting, clearance of the natural vegetation for fire breaks, agricultural activities or the construction of summer houses and illegal dumping of waste and excavation material in forested areas and in the wider area. These factors are the main negative influences on the natural ecosystem.Increased tourism is one additional danger that threatens the sand-dune ecosystem. The unlimited use of vehicles especially on sand-dunes, road constructions on the wetlands and rubbish disposal have resulted in the loss of variability of the local flora and lead to a continuous degradation of the forest area and to the collection and death of reptiles (mainly turtles and snakes). The destruction of the guard substructures, the systematic collection of tortoises (Testudo hermanni) the roads construction and summer visitors houses in Mavra Vouna, the illegal fishery and the illegal hunting, the quantities of farm medicines in the wider area, the impending extention of quarrying activities and the continuous alluviums with brought materials contribute to the downgrading of the wetland.The local endemic Centaurea niederi which grows in accessible place in calcareous rocks of the Kalogria locality, has a population size which could be threatened by quarry expansion in the area.The human activities taking place within and around the site strongly influence the local animal populations too. Tourist development, mainly in the Kalogria locality, and the use of nearly all the sandy beach during late spring to early autumn for swimming and water sports have taken away an important egg-laying area for Caretta caretta. The opening of many roads has caused the destruction or alteration of many susceptible habitats (e.g. shallow marshes, meadows, pine and oak woodland, sand-dunes) and is the direct or indirect reason for the reduction of some animal populations. Illegal deforestation (for the extension of arable and pasture lands), hunting and collection of living animals (especially tortoises for commercial purposes) are also threats. The water pollution induced by agricultural and urban sewage is an important factor of the wetland degradation, although its impact is still quantitatively and geographically rather limited.
Προτεραιότητα προστασίας

Πανίδα και Χλωρίδα

Χαρακτηριστικά Ενδιαιτήματα
Αξιόλογα Φυτά
Centaurea niederi
Colchicum parlatoris
Cotula coronopifolia
Fraxinus angustifolia oxycarpa (Νερόφραξος)
Halocnemum strobilaceum (Ολόκνημο το στροβιλοειδές)
Pancratium maritimum
Αξιόλογα Θηλαστικά
Canis aureus moreoticus (Τσακάλι)
Crocidura suaveolens balcanica (Κηπομυγαλή των Βαλκανίων)
Dryomys nitedula wingei (Δεντρομυωξός)
Felis silvestris morea (Αγριόγατος του Μωριά)
Lepus europaeus carpathous (Λαγός της Καρπάθου)
Lutra lutra (Βίδρα)
Martes foina (Κουνάβι)
Meles meles (Ασβός)
Mustela nivalis galinthias (Νυφίτσα)
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Νανονυχτερίδα)
Rhinolophus blasii (Ρινόλοφος του Μπλάζιους)
Rhinolophus euryale (Μεσορινόλοφος)
Αξιόλογα Πτηνά
Accipiter brevipes (Σαΐνι)
Accipiter gentilis butoides (Διπλοσάινο)
Accipiter nisus nisus (Τσιχλογέρακο)
Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Τσιχλοποταμίδα)
Acrocephalus melanopogon (Μουστακοποταμίδα)
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Βουρλοποταμίδα)
Acrocephalus scirpaceus (Καλαμοποταμίδα)
Actitis hypoleucos (Ποταμότριγγας)
Alauda arvensis arvensis (Σταρήθρα)
Alcedo atthis (Αλκυόνα)
Anas acuta (Ψαλίδα)
Anas clypeata (Χουλιαρόπαπια)
Anas crecca (Κιρκίρι)
Anas penelope (Σφυριχτάρι)
Anas platyrhynchos (Πρασινοκέφαλη)
Anas querquedula (Σαρσέλα)
Anas strepera (Καπακλής)
Anser albifrons (Ασπρομέτωπη χήνα)
Anthus campestris campestris (Χαμοκελάδα)
Anthus cervinus (Κοκκινοκελάδα)
Anthus pratensis pratensis (Λιβαδοκελάδα)
Anthus spinoletta littoralis (Νεροκελάδα …)
Anthus trivialis trivialis (Δενδροκελάδα)
Apus apus apus (Σταχτάρα)
Apus melba melba (Σκεπαρνάς)
Apus pallidus illyricus (Ωχροσταχτάρα)
Aquila clanga (Στικταητός)
Aquila pomarina (Κραυγαητός)
Ardea cinerea (Σταχτοτσικνιάς)
Ardea purpurea (Πορφυροτσικνιάς)
Ardeola ralloides (Κρυπτοτσικνιάς)
Arenaria interpres (Χαλικοκυλιστής)
Aythya ferina (Γκισάρι)
Aythya fuligula (Μαυροκέφαλη)
Aythya marila (Μαριλόπαπια)
Aythya nyroca (Βαλτόπαπια)
Botaurus stellaris (Ηταυρος)
Bubo bubo bubo (Μπούφος)
Burhinus oedicnemus oedicnemus (Πετροτριλίδα)
Buteo buteo buteo (Γερακίνα)
Calandrella brachydactyla (Μικρογαλιάντρα)
Calidris alba (Λευκοσκαλήθρα)
Calidris alpina alpina (Λασποσκαλήθρα)
Calidris canutus (Χοντροσκαλήθρα)
Calidris ferruginea (Δρεπανοσκάληθρα)
Calidris minuta (Νανοσκαλήθρα)
Calidris temminckii (Σταχτοσκαλήθρα)
Caprimulgus europaeus (Γυδοβυζάχτρα)
Carduelis spinus (Λούγαρο)
Cercotrichas galactotes (Κουφαηδόνι)
Charadrius alexandrinus (Θαλασσοσφυριχτής)
Charadrius dubius (Ποταμοσφυριχτής)
Charadrius hiaticula (Αμμοσφυριχτής)
Chlidonias hybridus (Μουστακογλάρονο)
Chlidonias leucopterus (Αργυρογλάρονο)
Chlidonias niger (Μαυρογλάρονο)
Ciconia ciconia (Λευκοπελαργός)
Circaetus gallicus (Φιδαητός)
Circus aeruginosus (Καλαμόκιρκος)
Circus cyaneus (Βαλτόκιρκος)
Circus macrourus (Στεπόκιρκος)
Circus pygargus (Λιβαδόκιρκος)
Cisticola juncidis juncidis (Κιστικόλη (Ντουλαπάρης))
Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Κοκκοθραύστης)
Columba palumbus palumbus (Φάσσα)
Coracias garrulus (Χαλκοκουρούνα)
Coturnix coturnix (Ορτύκι)
Cuculus canorus (Κούκος)
Cygnus cygnus (Αγριόκυκνος)
Cygnus olor (Κύκνος)
Delichon urbica urbica (Σπιτοχελίδονο)
Egretta alba (Αργυροτσικνιάς)
Egretta garzetta (Λευκοτσικνιάς)
Emberiza melanocephala (Αμπελουργός)
Emberiza schoeniclus intermedia (Καλαμοτσίχλονο)
Erithacus rubecula balcanica (Κοκκινολαίμης των Βαλκανίων)
Falco biarmicus feldeggi (Χρυσογέρακο)
Falco columbarius (Νανογέρακο)
Falco eleonorae (Μαυροπετρίτης)
Falco naumanni (Κιρκινέζι)
Falco subbuteo (Δεντρογέρακο)
Falco vespertinus (Μαυροκιρκίνεζο)
Ficedula albicollis (Κρικομυγοχάφτης)
Ficedula semitorquata (Δρυομυγοχάφτης)
Fringilla coelebs coelebs (Σπίνος)
Fulica atra (Φαλαρίδα)
Gallinago gallinago (Μεκατσίνι)
Gelochelidon nilotica (Γελογλάρονο)
Glareola pratincola (Νεροχελίδονο)
Haematopus ostralegus (Στρειδοφάγος)
Hieraaetus fasciatus (Σπιζαητός)
Hieraaetus pennatus (Σταυραητός)
Himantopus himantopus (Καλαμοκανάς)
Hippolais icterina (Κιτρινοστριτσίδα)
Hippolais pallida elaeica (Ωχροστριτσίδα)
Hirundo daurica rufula (Δεντροχελίδονο)
Hirundo rustica rustica (Χελιδόνι)
Ixobrychus minutus (Μικροτσικνιάς)
Lanius collurio collurio (Αητόμαχος)
Lanius minor (Γαϊδουροκεφαλάς)
Lanius senator senator (Κοκκινοκέφαλος)
Larus genei (Λεπτόραμφος γλάρος)
Larus melanocephalus (Μαυροκέφαλος γλάρος)
Larus minutus (Νανόγλαρος)
Larus ridibundus (Καστανοκέφαλος γλάρος)
Limicola falcinellus (Ραβδοσκαλήθρα)
Limosa limosa limosa (Λιμόζα)
Lullula arborea arborea (Δεντροσταρήθρα)
Luscinia megarhynchos (Αηδόνι)
Merops apiaster (Μελισσοφάγος)
Milvus migrans aegypticus (Τσίφτης Αιγυπτιακός)
Motacilla alba alba (Λευκοσουσουράδα)
Motacilla cinerea (Σταχτοσουσουράδα)
Motacilla flava beema (Κιτρινοσουσουράδα)
Muscicapa striata neumanni (Σταχτομυγοχάφτης)
Netta rufina (Φερεντίνι)
Numenius arquata arquata (Τουρλίδα)
Nycticorax nycticorax (Νυχτοκόρακας)
Oenanthe hispanica (Ασπροκώλα)
Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (Σταχτοπετρόκλης)
Oriolus oriolus oriolus (Συκοφάγος)
Otus scops (Γκιώνης)
Pandion haliaetus (Ψαραητός)
Panurus biarmicus biarmicus (Μουστακαλής)
Pernis apivorus (Σφηκιάρης)
Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Κορμοράνος)
Phalacrocorax pygmeus (Λαγγόνα)
Philomachus pugnax (Μαχητής)
Phoenicopterus ruber roseus (Φοινικόπτερος)
Phoenicurus ochruros (Καρβουνιάρης)
Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (Κοκκινονούρης)
Phylloscopus collybita abietinus (Δενδροφυλλοσκόπος των ελάτων)
Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Δασοφυλλοσκόπος)
Phylloscopus trochilus acredula (Θαμνοφυλλοσκόπος)
Platalea leucorodia (Χουλιαρομύτα)
Plegadis falcinellus
Pluvialis apricaria albifrons (Βροχοπούλι)
Pluvialis squatarola (Αργυροβροχοπούλι)
Podiceps cristatus (Σκουροβουτηχτάρι)
Podiceps nigricollis (Μαυροβουτηχτάρι)
Prunella modularis (Θαμνοψάλτης)
Regulus regulus (Χρυσοβασιλίσκος)
Riparia riparia riparia (Οχθοχελίδονο)
Saxicola rubetra (Καστανολαίμης)
Scolopax rusticola (Μπεκάτσα)
Sterna albifrons (Νανογλάρονο)
Sterna caspia (Καρατζάς)
Sterna hirundo (Ποταμογλάρονο)
Sterna sandvicensis (Χειμωνογλάρονο)
Streptopelia turtur (Τριγώνι)
Sturnus vulgaris tauricus (Ψαρόνι του Ταύρου)
Sylvia atricapilla (Μαυροσκούφης)
Sylvia borin borin (Κηποτσιροβάκος)
Sylvia cantillans albistriata (Κοκκινοτσιροβάκος)
Sylvia communis communis (Θαμνοτσιροβάκος)
Sylvia hortensis crassirostris (Δεντροτσιροβάκος)
Tachybaptus ruficollis (Νανοβουτηχτάρι)
Tadorna tadorna (Βαρβάρα)
Tringa erythropus (Μαυρότριγγας)
Tringa glareola (Λασπότριγγας)
Tringa nebularia (Πρασινοσκέλης)
Tringa ochropus (Δασότριγγας)
Tringa stagnatilis (Βαλτότριγγας)
Tringa totanus totanus (Κοκκινοσκέλης)
Turdus iliacus iliacus (Κοκκινότσιχλα)
Turdus philomelos (Τσίχλα)
Upupa epops epops (Τσαλαπετεινός)
Vanellus vanellus (Καλημάνα)
Αξιόλογα Αμφίβια / Ερπετά
Ablepharus kitaibelii fabichi (Αβλέφαρος)
Algyroides moreoticus (Πελοπονησσιακή σαύρα)
Bufo bufo bufo (Χωματόφρυνος)
Bufo viridis viridis (Πρασινόφρυνος)
Caretta caretta caretta (Χελώνα καρέττα)
Coluber gemonensis gemonensis
Coluber najadum dahlii (Σαΐτα του Νταλ)
Elaphe longissima longissima (Γιατρόφιδο)
Elaphe quatuorlineata quatuorlineata (Λαφίτης)
Elaphe situla (Σπιτόφιδο)
Emys orbicularis (Βαλτοχελώνα)
Eryx jaculus turcicus (Έρυξ (Λουρίτης))
Hyla arborea arborea (Δεντροβάτραχος)
Lacerta trilineata cariensis (Τρανόσαυρα της Ικαρίας)
Malpolon monspessulanus insignitus (Σαπίτης)
Mauremys caspica rivulata (Ποταμοχελώνα)
Natrix natrix persa (Ντρόφιδο το Περσικό)
Natrix tessellata tessellata (Κυβόφιδο)
Ophisaurus apodus thracius (Τυφλίτης)
Rana ridibunda ridibunda (Λιμνοβάτραχος Δ. Ελλάδας)
Telescopus fallax fallax (Αγιόφιδο)
Testudo hermanni hermanni (Ονυχοχελώνα)
Testudo marginata (Κρασπεδωτή χελώνα)
Typhlops vermicularis (Τυφλίνος)
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis (Οχιά)
Αξιόλογα Ψάρια
Aphanius fasciatus (Ζαχαριάς)
Syngnathus abaster (Σακοράφα)
Valencia letourneuxi (Ζουρνάς)
Αξιόλογα Ασπόνδυλα
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