Στοιχεία Τόπου

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Κτηματολόγιο Α.Ε.

Γενικά Στοιχεία

Όνομα LIMNES TRICHONIDA KAI LYSIMACHEIA
Κατηγορία Τόπου Βιότοπος NATURA
Κωδικός Τόπου GR2310009
Κύριος Χαρακτήρας
Βιότοπος
Φυσικό Τοπίο
Δομημένο Τοπίο
Διοικητική Υποδιαίρεση Νομός Αιτωλοακαρνανίας
Δήμος-Κοινότητα
Συνολική Έκταση (ha) 14279.80
Χερσαία Έκταση (ha) 14279.8
Συνολική Περίμετρος (km) 78.2
Μέγιστο Υψόμετρο (m) 312.0
Ελάχιστο Υψόμετρο (m) 7.0
Ένταξη στο Υπάρχον Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο

Χαρακτηριστικά

Τύπος Τοπίου
Κλίμα
Γεωλογία
Περιγραφή Τόπου Although the two lakes are basically considered oligotrophic (Koussouris, 1978 and Overbeck et al., 1982) the vascular plants found there (Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus trichophyllus, etc.) mostly occur in eutrophic or mesotrophic lakes (Koumpli-Sovantzi, 1983). From a florisrtic point of view, they have been investigated mainly by Koumpli-Sovantzi (1983). Lake Trichonida is surrounded by cultivated fields with Nicotiana tabaccum, Citrus and olive trees. At the littoral zone of the lake herbs predominate while shrubs (Vitex agnus-castus, Nerium oleander, Rubus sanctus) and trees (Platanus orientalis. Salix alba, Populus alba) occur only sporadically. At the upper infralittoral zone Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis dominate and there shape an almost continuous zone on the alluvial deposits mainly at the western part of the lake. Iris pseudacorus participates in low frequency of occurence in the structure of the plant communities of the upper infralittoral zone.This zone is interrupted, in some places only, by human activities. The middle infralittoral zone is locally covered by Nymphaea alba and Potamogeton nodosus species, while at the lower infralittoral zone, species of the genera Potamogeton, Myriophyllum and Chara (Charophyta) predominate. The plankton occuring in this site are of special importance, because they are the dominant element of the primary flora, and are valuable indicators of the biological state of the lakes. Phytoplankton consists of numerous species of algae (Cyanophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Chrysophyta, Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta and Cryptophyta) (Tafas, 1991) and contains cosmopolitan species accompanied by some endemic taxa as well as some of tropical origin. In the north-east and south-east sides of lake Trichonida, rocky calcareous places with shrubby vegetation are observed. Lake Lysimachia is surrounded by alluvial deposits, where cultivated fields mainly with Nicotiana tabbacum exist. In several places permanent or seasonal marshes occur. A macrovegetational study of the aquatic tracheophytes was carried out by Koumpli-Sovatzi & Vallianatou (1985). The natural shoreline vegetation particularly consists of herbs (Scirpus holoschoenus, Paspalum paspaloides, Mentha aquatica, Kickxia elatine, Cyperus longus, Carex otrubae, Juncus acutus etc.). Some shrubs (Vitex agnus-castus) and trees (Platanus orientalis, Salix alba, Populus alba) have scattered distributions. The species dominating near the shore line is Phragmites australis. It forms an extremely dense, almost continuous reed-fringe, mainly near the waters edge, as well as in the upper infralittoral zone and is interrupted in several places only, by human activities. The greatest characteristic cover is presented by the species Paspalum paspaloides. The submerged species Vallisneria spiralis predominates in the lower infralittoral zone, forming dense stands, while Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum and Najas marina present the lower cover.
Κατάσταση Τόπου
Εγκατάλειψη οικισμών
Τάση Κατάστασης Τόπου
Ιστορία και εξέλιξη του τόπου
Σημεία με καλή Θέα
Μονοπάτια Περίπατοι

Αξίες

Οικολογική Αξία
Κοινωνικοοικονομική/πολιτιστική Αξία
Αισθητική Αξία
Σχόλιο για τις αξίες In spite of human activities, the lakes conserve a significant amount of their flora and fauna, as well as natural beauty and beautiful scenery. Around them extensive reed communities are developed, which offer valuable refuge to wild fauna. Interesting is the presence of calcareous fens. Moreover, the lakes ensure the water supply and irrigation of the surrounding area are ideal for fishing and recreation, also having scientific and educational interests. Many interesting plants comprise the flora of the site. The endangered aquatic species Cladium mariscus has been found at the south side of the lake Trichonida. In addition to Greek endemic Centaurea aetolica (north-eastern side of lake Trichonida) some other taxa with motivation D are also significant.For example:a) Salvinia natans is listed in the WCMC Plants Database as "Endangered" and is protected by the Greek legislation (Presidential Decree 67/1981).b) Malcomia graeca subsp. bicolor is endemic to the Balkan peninsula.c) Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii and Azolla filiculoides have interesting geographical distributions. Besides, all the other taxa cited in section 3.3 are of great interest, from a chorological point of view, as they have a limited or scattered distribution within Greece.It should be clarified that according to Economidis (pers. comm.) the Directive taxa Phoxinellus spp. and Cobitis taenia are accurately represented by the respective valid Greek taxa Phoxinellus pleurobipunctatus and Cobitis hellenica. Τhe bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus and the jackal Canis aureus are mentioned under the categories "Endangered" and "Vulnerable", respectively. With the exception of the jackal, the remaining taxa are protected by the Bern Convention and therefore receive motivation C. Moreover, the Wildcat Felis silvestris is eligible for motivation C for the additional reason of having been mentioned by the CITES Convention. The frog Hyla arborea, the lacertid lizard Lacerta trilineata, the colubrid snakes Natrix natrix and Coluber gemonensis and the badger Meles meles, justify motivation D since they are all protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981. Likewise, H. arborea, the skinkid lizard Ablepharus kitaibelii and the wildcat are evaluated by the CORINE-Biotopes Project (motivation D). Finally, the following taxa deserve motivation D for the following additional reasons: C. k. bibroni has a broken distribution area in Greece, thus, forming isolated populations; F. silvestris is generally rare in Greece, and lastly, E. trichonis is confined only to the Trichonida lake system. This site is also an important resting area for migratory waterfowl, whereas its value as a breeding area has so far not been verified. Among the recorded birds, several threatened taxa occur: Podiceps nigrocollis, N. nycticorax, Egretta alba, Ardea purpurea, Plegadis falcinellus, Aythya ferina, A. nyroca, Circus aeruginosus, Aquila chrysaetus, Hieraaetus fasciatus, Falco naumanni, Chlidonias niger, Acrocephalus melanopogon, Ficedula semitorquata, and others. The invertebrate species listed in sections 3.3 with motivation D is protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981.

Κίνδυνοι

Απειλές/διαταραχές
Σχόλιο για τις απειλές-διαταραχές
Τρωτότητα The maintenance of the water balance is of great importance for the conservation of the ecosystem as a whole. The pollution of the lakes from wastes deriving from Agrinio and surrounding villages, as well as from the piggeries and oil factories occurring near the lakes, has reached a disturbing level. Fertilizers from the agricultural fields also lead to increased eutrophication of the lakes and especially of lake Lysimacheia. The reed-beds act as a natural water filter, so its destruction in several places could mean even further polluted water. The riparian woodlands are also influenced. Their reduction has been due to continuous tree-felling, fires, and land reclamation. The site suffers from various human activities such as water drawing, fishing, hunting and shooting, tourism and leisure, which are not satisfactorily controlled. It is necessary to take effective protection measures for the conservation of this interesting site.
Προτεραιότητα προστασίας

Πανίδα και Χλωρίδα

Χαρακτηριστικά Ενδιαιτήματα
Αξιόλογα Φυτά
Ludwigia palustris
Salvinia natans
Sorghum bicolor
Spirodela polyrhiza
Stachys arvensis
Stellaria pallida
Utricularia vulgaris
Αξιόλογα Θηλαστικά
Canis aureus moreoticus (Τσακάλι)
Felis silvestris morea (Αγριόγατος του Μωριά)
Lutra lutra (Βίδρα)
Meles meles (Ασβός)
Myotis emarginatus (Πυρρομυωτίδα)
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Νανονυχτερίδα)
Αξιόλογα Πτηνά
Αξιόλογα Αμφίβια / Ερπετά
Ablepharus kitaibelii fabichi (Αβλέφαρος)
Coluber najadum dahlii (Σαΐτα του Νταλ)
Elaphe quatuorlineata quatuorlineata (Λαφίτης)
Hyla arborea arborea (Δεντροβάτραχος)
Lacerta trilineata cariensis (Τρανόσαυρα της Ικαρίας)
Natrix natrix persa (Ντρόφιδο το Περσικό)
Αξιόλογα Ψάρια
Cobitis trichonica (Τριχονοβελονίτσα)
Silurus aristotelis (Γλανίδι)
Αξιόλογα Ασπόνδυλα
Charaxes jasius (Χαράξης ο ιάσιος)
Σχόλια για τα είδη