Στοιχεία Τόπου
Επίπεδα τόπων:
Χαρτογραφικό υπόβαθρο:
Γενικά Στοιχεία
| Όνομα | AMVRAKIKOS KOLPOS, DELTA LOUROU KAI ARACHTHOU (PETRA, MYTIKAS, EVRYTERI PERIOCHI) | ||||||
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| Κατηγορία Τόπου | Βιότοπος NATURA | ||||||
| Κωδικός Τόπου | GR2110001 | ||||||
| Κύριος Χαρακτήρας |
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| Διοικητική Υποδιαίρεση | Νομός Αρτας | ||||||
| Δήμος-Κοινότητα | |||||||
| Συνολική Έκταση (ha) | 28787.56 | ||||||
| Χερσαία Έκταση (ha) | 12468.95 | ||||||
| Συνολική Περίμετρος (km) | 164.3 | ||||||
| Μέγιστο Υψόμετρο (m) | 508.0 | ||||||
| Ελάχιστο Υψόμετρο (m) | |||||||
| Ένταξη στο Υπάρχον Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο |
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Χαρακτηριστικά
Αξίες
| Οικολογική Αξία |
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| Κοινωνικοοικονομική/πολιτιστική Αξία |
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| Αισθητική Αξία |
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| Σχόλιο για τις αξίες | It is one of the best conserved ecosystems with high ecological value at both national and international level. In it we can find at least all elements of a typical natural Mediterranean delta. The habitat types that are in a very good ecological condition and cover large areas are the wet meadows of Juncus and the halophytic communities of the class Arthrocnemetalia. The halophilous vegetation covers an area of 43km2 and apart from Acheloos delta and the delta complex near Thessaloniki, this is the largest delta complex throughout Greece.The Tsoukalio lagoon is one of the largest of its kind not only in Greece but in the entire Mediterranean region. The major reed-bed area on the Louros can be considered as one of the largest coherent reed-beds in Greece, and the deciduous woodland on the Mavrovouni hill represents a system comparatively rare in Greece. In addition to the endemic plant species cited in section 3.3 some interesting plant taxa listed in section 3.3 with motivation D, occur in the site area. These are: a) Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus angustifolia, the populations in Greece of which are very degraded and must be protected, b) Spirodela polyrhiza species apparently not common in Greece, and c) Salvinia natans and Cotula coronopifolia, which are scattered in Greece. Salvia natans additionally recieves motivation D since it is protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981, and is also listed in the WCMC Plants Database as "Endangered". It is well known that the Greek delta areas are very rich ecosystems. This is particularly evident from the fauna of this site which is very diverse and abundant. Several vertebrate taxa (other than birds) have been recorded from this site. Some of them are listed in Annex II of the Direcetive 92/43/EEC (section 3.2) and some remaining taxa are considered Other Important Important Species (section 3.3). It should be noted here that taking the opinion of Economidis (pers. comm.) into consideration, we include under the fish names of Phoxinellus spp., Cobitis taenia the following valid Greek taxa respectively (Economidis, 1991) Psuedophoxinus stymphalicus and C. hellenica. Among the taxa of sections 3.3, four are threatened in Greece indicated by motivation A (the water shrew Neomys anomalus, the dormouse Dryomys nitedula wingei, the jackal Canis aureus, and the dolphin Delphinus delphis). Most of the taxa from these two sections are protected by the Bern Convention therefore receiving the C motivation (the only exceptions are the hedgehog Erinaceus concolor, the harvest mouse Micromys minutus, the rock mouse Apodemus mystacimus epimelas, the vole Microtus thomasi and the jackal Canis aureus). The dolphin Delphinus delphis is given the C motivation for the additional reason that it is included in the lists of the CITES Convention. Moreover, most of the 37 taxa are protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981 thus being eligible for motivation D (in this case the exceptions are the frogs Rana epeirotica, R. ridibunda, the lizards Ophisaurus apodus, Ablepharus kitaibelii, the snake Vipera ammodytes, the small mammals Neomys anomalus, Micromys minutus, Apodemus mystacinus epimelas, Microtus thomasi, the jackal Canis aureus, the marten Martes foina and the badger Meles meles). The D motivation is also allocated to: a) the anurans Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea, Rana dalmatina, the lizard Ablepharus kitaibelii, the snake Natrix tessellata and the dolphin Delphinus delphis, since these taxa are mentioned in the handbook of the CORINE-Biotopes Project, and b) the newt Triturus vulgaris graecus, the frog Rana epeirotica, the lizards Algyroides nigropunctatus, Podarcis erhardii, P. taurica ionica, and the small mammals Micromys minutus, Apodemus mystacinus epimelas, Microtus thomasi, since they are all Balkan endemics. The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation D are protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981, except Everes argiades which is included in the list of "Threatened Rhopalocera (butterflies) of Europe. Pieris krueperi is also included in this list. |
Κίνδυνοι
| Απειλές/διαταραχές |
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| Σχόλιο για τις απειλές-διαταραχές | |
| Τρωτότητα | The halophilous vegetation is threatened by dam building. The meadows with Juncus are threatened because of grazing, over-fertilization, burning and drainage. The gallery woodlands seem to be the most intensely affected ecosystem. Another important reason for their reduction is the continuous tree-felling. Only a smal percentage of their original extension remains and a small part of them is still capable for regeneration. A further, much larger area has lost any chance of survival. This part can be viewed as a declining relict incapable of regeneration. Continuous relocation of the gravel beds prevents the gallery woodlands from regenerating in these areas. Furthermore, significant reason for the restriction of the gallery forest is the enlargement of the agricultural land in the area. The illegal hunting, the extra roads and dams constructions, the installation of elecric wires, the arbitrary building in the wider area are the activities which contribute in thε downgrading of the area. The maquis vegetation is very degraded as a result of grazing and wood-felling. The most important sources of water pollution of the rivers and the lagoons are the domestic and industrial sewage as well as the existence of slaughter-yard in the area. The intensified land cultivation accompanied by the overuse of pesticides and fertilizers comprises the main threat for the local fauna. It is sure that without a carefully planned and strictly enforced protection programme, eutrophication and pollution of water masses will be soon visible and will produce serious damages in many animal communities of this delicate delta ecosystem, even in the extensive fish culture units existing in the large lagoons of the site. |
| Προτεραιότητα προστασίας |
Πανίδα και Χλωρίδα
| Χαρακτηριστικά Ενδιαιτήματα |
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| Αξιόλογα Φυτά |
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| Αξιόλογα Θηλαστικά |
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| Αξιόλογα Πτηνά |
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| Αξιόλογα Αμφίβια / Ερπετά |
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| Αξιόλογα Ψάρια |
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| Αξιόλογα Ασπόνδυλα |
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| Σχόλια για τα είδη |
